In Japan, the population is rapidly aging and birthrates continue to decline. Efforts are underway to establish systems such as the Community-based Integrated Care System (Note 1), which supports the older adults through community-wide collaboration, and the Multilayered Support System (Note 2), which enhances assistance for residents facing complex challenges. These systems have promoted the coordination among community organizations—including long-term care (Note 3), welfare (Note 4), and health organizations (Note 5). Given the anticipated increase in emergency medical demand, it has become increasingly important for fire departments to actively engage with these systems. However, to date, there has been limited knowledge of the current state of such inter-organizational collaboration or the challenges involved.
To address this gap, we conducted a nationwide survey of fire departments across Japan, aiming to clarify the current status of collaboration with long-term care, welfare, and health organizations, as well as the challenges involved. The results revealed that approximately 84% of fire departments engage in some form of coordination with community organizations.
Collaboration between fire departments and local long-term care, welfare, and health organizations is essential for supporting the daily lives and well-being of community residents. Based on the findings of this study, further strengthening of collaborative frameworks and proactive efforts to address emerging challenges are anticipated in the future.
This research was published online in the Acute Medicine & Surgery on May 28, 2025.
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Note 1: Community-based Integrated Care System
This is a system promoted by the national government (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare) where local organizations work together to provide medical care, nursing care, and daily support. The goal is to help older adults continue living comfortably in their own communities.
Note 2: Multilayered Support System
This is a system promoted by the national government that offers comprehensive support across different services—such as welfare, nursing care, and employment assistance—to people facing complicated challenges in their lives.
Note 3: Long-term care organizations
These are facilities and groups that help older adults and people with disabilities with daily activities and care services. Examples include nursing homes for older adults, home-visit care providers, and day service centers.
Note 4: Welfare organizations
These are facilities and groups that provide support and services to people who need help in their daily lives. Examples include social welfare councils, child and family support centers, and welfare offices.
Note 5: Health organizations
These are facilities and groups that offer health-related services to keep communities healthy and prevent illness. Examples include public health centers, community health centers, and health departments in local governments.
